|
Foulant |
Effects |
Action |
|
Inorganic Salts |
Reduced
permeate flow |
Remove
hardness via pretreatment and softening |
| Scale
formation on membrane surface |
Add
antiscalant or dispersant |
| Increased
salt passage |
Decrease
feed pH |
| Increased
differential pressure |
Clean
with an acid cleaner |
Organics
(oils, grease) |
Decreased
permeate flow |
Optimize
pretreatment |
| Increased
salt passage |
Install
an activated carbon filter |
| Clean
with suitable detergent |
Iron |
Stains
membrane surface |
Remove
iron with pretreatment |
| Rapid
reduction in permeate flow |
Clean
with chelating agent |
Silica |
Decreased
permeate flow |
Evaluate
recovery and pH |
| Slight
increase in salt passage |
Optimize
pretreatment for colloidal removal |
Biological |
Foul
odor or taste |
Perform
routine sanitizing |
Slime |
Reduced
permeate flow |
Employ
continuous operation |
| Slime
formation |
| Increased
differential pressure |